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De in Chinese 的 地 得

วิธีใช้ 'De's สามตัวในภาษาจีน: 的, 地 & 得

The three ‘De’s are difficult for Chinese learners. Even Chinese people get confused about the three De’s in Chinese (的, 得, and 地). They sound the same, but their Chinese Hanzi characters aren’t the same, nor are their meanings/usages. Be confused no more! It’s not that complicated. In this blog, we’ll clarify this grammar point and clarify their different structures and uses of these particles.

Usage of Dé 的

In Chinese grammar, we use 的 (dé: “of”) to modify nouns. Here are a few of the structures that you can use.

Disyllable noun + 的 + noun:

  • 玻璃的杯子 (bōli de bēizi – the glass)
  • 秋天的天气 (qiūtiān de tiānqi – the weather in autumn)

Pronoun + 的 + noun:

  • 我的书 (wǒ de shū – my book)
  • 她的故事 (tā de gùshi – her story)
  • 他们的习惯 (tāmen de xíguàn – their habits)

Verb/Verbal phrase+的+noun:

  • 吃的东西 (chī de dōngxi – stuff to eat)
  • 参加的活动 (cānjiā de huódòng – event that one attends)
  • 吃土豆的人 (chī tǔdòu de rén – person (people) who eats potato)
  • 教汉语的老师 (jiāo hànyǔ de lǎoshī – teacher (teachers) who teaches Chinese)

Adjective + 的 + noun:

  • 漂亮的中国画 (piàoliang de zhōngguó huà – beautiful Chinese painting)
  • 甜的鸡尾酒 (tián de jīwěijiǔ – sweet cocktail)

In some cases, when we describe the noun as a subject in a 是 (shì: to be) sentence, we will put 的 at the end and the noun will be omitted.

  • 这个杯子是玻璃的 (zhège bēizi shì bōli de – This is a glass.)
  • 这本书是我的 (zhè běn shū shì wǒde – This book is mine.)
  • 这个老师是教汉语的 (zhège lǎoshī shì jiāo hànyǔ de – This is a Chinese teacher.)
  • 这种鸡尾酒是甜的 (zhè zhǒng jīwěijiǔ shì tián de – This kind of cocktail is sweet.)

Usage of Dè 地

The main use of 地 (dè: the adverbial particle) is to describe verbs/actions using the “disyllable adjective + 地 + verb” structure.

  • 他轻轻地拍了我一下。(Tā qīngqīngde pāile wǒ yíxià – He patted me gently.)
  • 我们飞快地跑出了办公室。(Wǒ fēikuàide pǎochūle bàngōngshì – I flew out of the office.)
  • 妈妈慢慢地读完了女儿的信。 (Māma mànmànde dúwánle nǚér de xìn – The mother finished reading the letter from her daughter slowly.)

Usage of De 得

We use the grammar structure “(V.)+O.+V.得+Adv.+Adj” to describe actions or comment about actions:

  • 你来得很早。(nǐ lái de hěn zǎo – You came very early.)
  • 她穿得很漂亮。(tā chuān de hěn piàoliang – She is dressed beautifully.)
  • 我（说）汉语说得非常流利。(wǒ shuō hànyǔ shuō de fēicháng liúlì. I speak Chinese fluently.)
  • The structure “V./Adj.+得+result” is used to make comments with an extreme degree.
  • 她哭得眼睛都红了。(tā kū de yǎnjīng dōu hóngle – She cried (so hard) that her eyes were red.)
  • 我累得不想说话。(wǒ lèi de bù xiǎng shuōhuà – I am (so) tired that I don’t want to talk.)

วีดิทัศน์

Does that clarify how to use the three ‘De’s in Chinese? We hope these three 的, 地 & 得 are easier to understand now.
PS: See our video 不得了 on YouTube.

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